Question

“Buddha only is the founder of Modern Hinduism.” - Whose statement is this :

• A. Rajendra Prasad
• B. Bhimrao Ambedkar
• C. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan
• D. Mahatma Gandhi

Hint:

To distinguish between these thinkers: Radhakrishnan usually sought synthesis (linking Buddhism and Hinduism), while Ambedkar emphasized differentiation (Buddhism as an exit from the Hindu fold).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept: The study of Indian philosophy and religion often explores the relationship between Buddhism and Hinduism. Several 20th-century Indian scholars sought to bridge the gap between these two traditions, viewing Buddha not as an outsider who destroyed Vedic culture, but as a reformer who purified it. This perspective suggests that the ethical and philosophical advancements introduced by the Buddha were eventually absorbed into the mainstream of what we now define as "Modern Hinduism." Understanding the specific perspectives of thinkers like Dr. S. Radhakrishnan is crucial for identifying these historical and philosophical interpretations.

Step 1: Analyzing the philosophical context of the statement. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, a renowned philosopher and the second President of India, held the view that Buddhism was an offshoot of the ancient Hindu tradition (specifically the Upanishadic thought). In his various writings on Indian Philosophy, he argued that Gautama Buddha did not intend to break away from the fundamental spiritual truths of the Vedas but rather aimed to eliminate the corruptions, rigid caste structures, and excessive ritualism that had crept into the practice of the time. By calling Buddha the "founder of Modern Hinduism," the statement implies that the high ethical standards, non-violence (Ahimsa), and focus on inner purity championed by Buddha became the bedrock of the Hindu renaissance and its modern identity.

Step 2: Evaluating the other options provided.
• Rajendra Prasad: While a great leader and scholar, his work focused more on the constitutional and political history of India rather than specific religious-philosophical reformist definitions of Buddha's role in Hinduism.
• Bhimrao Ambedkar: Dr. Ambedkar viewed Buddhism as a distinct and superior alternative to Hinduism. He famously converted to Buddhism because he felt Hinduism was inextricably tied to the caste system. He would likely not describe Buddha as the "founder of Hinduism" (modern or otherwise), as he saw Buddhism as a liberation from it.
• Mahatma Gandhi: Gandhi held Buddha in extremely high regard and often said that Buddha's teachings were an integral part of Hinduism. However, the specific phrasing of this academic/philosophical statement is attributed specifically to the scholarly works of Radhakrishnan.