Step 1: Blossom end rot is a common physiological disorder of tomato fruit, seen as a dark, sunken, leathery patch at the blossom end of the fruit.
Step 2: It happens because calcium fails to reach the fast growing fruit tissue in adequate amounts, often made worse by uneven soil moisture and high transpiration pulling calcium toward the leaves instead of the fruit.
Step 3: Potash deficiency instead affects fruit quality and causes yellow blotchy ripening, nitrogen deficiency causes general poor growth and pale leaves, and boron deficiency causes fruit cracking and internal browning, none of which match blossom end rot. So calcium deficiency, option 4, is correct.