Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Binomial nomenclature is the formal system of naming species by giving each a name composed of two parts: the generic name (genus) and the specific epithet (species).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
This system was popularized and systematically applied by the Swedish botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus.
He established this naming convention in his landmark publications, starting with Species Plantarum (1753) for plants and the 10th edition of Systema Naturae (1758) for animals, which is considered the starting point of modern zoological nomenclature.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Binomial nomenclature was established by Carl Linnaeus, which corresponds to option (A).