BCG is one of the most widely administered vaccines globally, especially in countries with high tuberculosis prevalence.
What is BCG Vaccine?
Full Form: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
Developed by: French scientists Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin
Year: Developed between 1908-1921
Type: Live attenuated (weakened) vaccine made from Mycobacterium bovis
Disease Protected Against:
Primary: Tuberculosis (TB), especially severe forms in children:
TB meningitis
Miliary TB (widespread TB)
Partial Protection: Provides variable protection against pulmonary TB in adults
BCG Vaccination Schedule:
Given soon after birth (in TB-endemic countries)
Intradermal injection (usually in left upper arm)
Leaves a characteristic small scar
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
(B) Tetanus:
Tetanus vaccine is DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus) or TT (Tetanus Toxoid)
Caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria
(C) Cholera:
Cholera vaccine is available separately (oral or injectable)
Caused by Vibrio cholerae
(D) Smallpox:
Smallpox vaccine is different (vaccinia virus)
Smallpox declared eradicated in 1980
Routine vaccination stopped worldwide
Other Important Vaccines:
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline
Vaccine & Disease
\hline
BCG & Tuberculosis
DPT & Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus
OPV/IPV & Polio
MMR & Measles, Mumps, Rubella
Hepatitis B & Hepatitis B
\hline
\end{tabular}
Final Answer: Tuberculosis
