Question

Based on this phylogenetic tree, which statement is NOT correct?

• A. The salamander lineage is a basal taxon.
• B. Salamanders are a sister group to the group containing lizards, goats, and humans.
• C. Salamanders are as closely related to goats as to humans.
• D. Lizards are more closely related to salamanders than to humans.

Hint:

Relatedness is determined by the most recent common ancestor, not physical proximity on the tips.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Concept
Phylogenetic trees show evolutionary relationships based on common ancestry.

Step 2: Meaning
Closeness is determined by how recently two lineages shared a common ancestor.

Step 3: Analysis
In the tree, Lizards, Goats, and Humans form a clade (they share a common ancestor that Salamanders do not). Lizards and Humans share a more recent common ancestor with each other than either does with Salamanders. Therefore, Lizards are more closely related to Humans than to Salamanders.

Step 4: Conclusion
Statement D is incorrect because it contradicts the branching pattern of the tree. Final Answer: (D)