Question

Assertion (A): Intelligence is a culture-free concept.
Reason (R): Western intelligence tests measure skills like speed, analysis, and abstraction, which may not reflect non-western notions of intelligence.

• A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
• B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
• C. A is true but R is false
• D. A is false but R is true

Hint:

In A/R questions, if the Assertion sounds like a broad, absolute claim (like "always" or "universal"), check it twice—it's often the part that is false.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question deals with the "Cultural Fairness" of intelligence testing. It examines whether the definition of "being smart" is the same across all societies.

Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Evaluate Assertion (A) for factual accuracy, then evaluate Reason (R) and see if it logically explains why (A) would be true or false.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:

• Evaluation of A: Intelligence is not a culture-free concept. It is "culture-fair" or "culture-bound" because what is valued as intelligent behavior varies between cultures (e.g., individualistic vs. collectivistic societies). Thus, A is false.
• Evaluation of R: This is true. Western tests often focus on "technological intelligence" (speed, linear logic), while many Eastern/African cultures value "integral intelligence" (social harmony, obedience, and collective wisdom).

Step 4: Final Answer:
Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is a true statement.