Question

Arrange the given steps for inducing somaclonal variations during androgenesis in correct order:
A. Dedifferentiation
B. Diploidization
C. Regeneration
D. Callogenesis
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. B, D, A, C
• B. A, B, D, C
• C. C, B, D, A
• D. A, D, B, C

Hint:

To get Variation, you must go through Callus (disorder). The order is: Reset (A) $\rightarrow$ Scramble (D) $\rightarrow$ Double (B) $\rightarrow$ Grow (C).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Concept: To maximize somaclonal variation during androgenesis (haploid production), the cells must be forced through a disorganized growth phase where genetic "errors" or variations are likely to occur.

Step 1: Inducing Instability (A and D).
The process begins with Dedifferentiation (A), where specialized gametic cells (pollen) lose their identity. This leads directly to Callogenesis (D)—the formation of a mass of unorganized callus. This "unorganized" stage is where most somaclonal variations are generated due to rapid, unregulated cell division.

Step 2: Stabilizing and Rebuilding (B and C).
Because pollen is haploid, the resulting callus is also haploid. To get a fertile plant, Diploidization (B) must occur (chromosome doubling). Finally, the stabilized cells are triggered to undergo organogenesis or embryogenesis, resulting in the Regeneration (C) of a full plant showing new variations.