Question

Arrange the following contributions of behaviourists in the development of psychology as a discipline in the chronological order:
A. Conditioned reflexes by Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov.
B. Connectionism by Edward Lee Thorndike.
C. Associated reflexes by Vladimir M. Bekhterev.
D. Law of effect by Edward Lee Thorndike.
E. Associative Memory by Jacques Loeb.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. D - C - E - A - B
• B. C - D - A - E - B
• C. D - A - B - E - C
• D. C - B - E - D - A

Hint:

Note that Bekhterev's early physiological publications on "associated reflexes" ($1907$) represent some of the earliest objective behavioral paradigms, preceding the formal systemization of Thorndike's connectionism and Pavlov's fully translated books.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question requires us to arrange the key historical milestones of behaviorism and objective psychology in chronological order of their proposal or development.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:

• Let us evaluate the historical context and dates of publication for each behaviourist contribution:

• C. Associated reflexes by Vladimir M. Bekhterev: Bekhterev published his seminal work on objective psychology and associated reflexes starting in the year $1907$, which laid the groundwork for objective physiological research in behavior.

• B. Connectionism by Edward Lee Thorndike: Thorndike developed his theoretical framework of connectionism, which analyzed behavior in terms of associations between stimuli and responses, popularized around his early work in $1911$ and later refined in $1913$.

• E. Associative Memory by Jacques Loeb: Loeb published his influential ideas regarding associative memory and tropisms in animals in the early $1910$s, establishing a strictly objective approach to animal consciousness.

• D. Law of effect by Edward Lee Thorndike: Though conceived earlier, Thorndike's formal systemization and educational application of the Law of Effect were fully integrated into his major textbooks on learning and behavior theories in the late $1910$s and early $1920$s.

• A. Conditioned reflexes by Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov: Pavlov's highly detailed, comprehensive work on conditioned reflexes was translated and published globally as a complete volume in the year $1927$.

• Organizing these historically mapped milestones chronologically yields the sequence: C - B - E - D - A.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct chronological order of the behaviourist contributions is C - B - E - D - A.