Question

An additive used to control fungal infestation in dry fish :

• A. Sorbitol
• B. Polyphosphate
• C. Citric acid
• D. Potassium sorbate

Hint:

Sorbates (like potassium sorbate) and propionates are classic, universally approved food-grade antifungal preservatives used to prevent mold growth in low-moisture foods like dried fish and bakery products.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Dried fish products are susceptible to spoilage during storage, primarily due to lipid oxidation, bacterial growth, and mold (fungal) infestation.
Fungal growth, such as "dun" spoilage caused by Sporendonema epizoum, thrives in low-moisture, high-salt environments.
Food-grade chemical preservatives are applied to dry fish to inhibit fungal spores and extend shelf life.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the functions of the given food additives:
- Sorbitol: A sugar alcohol used primarily as a humectant, plasticizer, or cryoprotectant in minced fish products (surimi) to prevent protein denaturation during freezing, rather than as an antifungal agent.
- Polyphosphate: Added to seafood to improve water retention, reduce drip loss, and maintain texture during freezing and thawing.
- Citric acid: An organic acid used as an acidulant, metal chelator, and synergistic antioxidant to prevent rancidity, but it has limited efficacy against molds at dry-fish moisture levels.
- Potassium sorbate: The potassium salt of sorbic acid, which is a highly effective, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent.
It is widely used in the food industry to inhibit the growth of molds, yeasts, and selective bacteria.
Applying potassium sorbate (often as a dip treatment in a 1--2% solution prior to drying) effectively prevents mold growth on the surface of dried fish during storage without altering the flavor or color of the product.
Therefore, potassium sorbate is the ideal additive for controlling fungal infestations in dry fish.

Step 4: Final Answer:
Potassium sorbate is the food additive used to control fungal infestation in dry fish.