Question

According to the classification of 'Tithis' (Lunar Days) in the Pañcāṅga, which of the following is categorized as a 'Riktā' Tithi?

• A. Dvitiyā (2nd)
• B. Trayōdaśī (13th)
• C. Ṣaṣṭhī (6th)
• D. Navamī (9th)

Hint:

Remember the formula: 4, 9, 14 = Rikta (Empty). Avoid these for housewarming or marriage. They are 'Holes' in the calendar.
Mnemonic: "Rikta" rhymes with "Empty". 4, 9, 14 are the numbers to skip.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
In the Vedic lunar calendar, the 15 Tithis of each fortnight (Śukla and Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa) are divided into five groups based on their elemental nature and suitability for specific tasks. These groups are: Nandā, Bhadrā, Jayā, Riktā, and Pūrṇā. 'Riktā' literally means 'empty' or 'void'. These Tithis are generally considered inauspicious for starting new positive ventures but are suitable for destructive or competitive activities.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The distribution of Tithis into the five groups follows a cyclical pattern of five:

1. Nandā (Joyous): 1st, 6th, 11th. (Associated with Earth)
2. Bhadrā (Lucky/Fortunate): 2nd, 7th, 12th. (Associated with Water)
3. Jayā (Victorious): 3rd, 8th, 13th. (Associated with Fire)
4. Riktā (Empty): 4th, 9th, 14th. (Associated with Air)
5. Pūrṇā (Full): 5th, 10th, 15th (and 30th/Amavasya). (Associated with Ether)

The Riktā Tithis (Caturthī, Navamī, and Caturdaśī) are governed by the planet Saturn in some traditions and are associated with 'Ganesha' (to remove obstacles) or 'Shakti'. Because they are 'empty', any work started on these days—like marriage, travel, or starting a business—is believed to 'leak away' or result in a 'void'. However, they are considered excellent for performing 'Māraṇa' (destructive rituals), overcoming enemies, or using weapons.

Among the options provided:
- Dvitiyā is a Bhadrā Tithi.
- Trayōdaśī is a Jayā Tithi.
- Ṣaṣṭhī is a Nandā Tithi.
- Navamī is a Riktā Tithi (the 9th lunar day).

In Muhurta Shastra, Navami is especially avoided for most auspicious beginnings. It is popularly said, "Navami-Chaturthi-Chaturdashi, avoid these if you want to be happy." Even in the Ramayana, the birth of Lord Rama on Navami is seen as a prelude to a life of great struggle and the eventual destruction of evil (Ravana), which aligns with the 'fierce' nature of a Rikta Tithi.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Navamī is a Riktā Tithi.