A hydraulic jump occurs where there is a break in grade from a:
Show Hint
- Mild slope to steep slope
- Steep slope to mild slope
- Steep slope to steeper slope
- Mild slope to milder slope
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Define flow states by slope.
• Steep Slope: Supports supercritical flow ($y < y_c$), where velocity is high and depth is low.
• Mild Slope: Supports subcritical flow ($y > y_c$), where velocity is low and depth is high.
Step 2: Analyze the transition.
For a hydraulic jump to form, the flow must be forced to change from supercritical to subcritical.
• When the grade changes from steep to mild, the water moving at supercritical velocity on the steep grade suddenly encounters a condition (the mild slope) that requires subcritical depth.
• The water "jumps" to the higher depth to match the subcritical condition required by the mild slope.
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