Question

A child shows desirable behaviour because it brings appreciation from the parent. This is an example of

• A. Motivation
• B. Classical conditioning
• C. Modelling
• D. Operant conditioning

Hint:

Positive reinforcement (adding praise or rewards) is one of the most effective tools in operant conditioning to encourage and maintain desirable behavior in children.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Operant conditioning is a learning theory developed by B.F. Skinner.
It states that behaviors are learned and modified based on the consequences that follow them.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
In operant conditioning, consequences can strengthen or weaken a behavior:
- Reinforcement: Any consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
- Punishment: Any consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
In this scenario, the child's desirable behavior is followed by parental appreciation and praise.
This appreciation acts as positive reinforcement—the addition of a pleasant stimulus following a behavior to strengthen that behavior.
Because the child learns to repeat the desirable behavior to receive this praise, this process is a classic example of operant conditioning.
Let us compare this with the other options:
- Classical Conditioning (Pavlov): Involves pairing an involuntary reflex response with a neutral stimulus, rather than modifying voluntary behaviors.
- Modelling (Bandura): Involves learning by observing and imitating others, without direct reinforcement.
- Motivation: While the child is motivated, the underlying learning mechanism described here is operant conditioning.

Step 3: Final Answer:
This learning process is an example of Operant conditioning.