Question

A 1-day-old newborn with significant respiratory distress is admitted to the ICU. Chest radiograph is performed. What is the most probable diagnosis based on the clinical and radiological findings?

• A. Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM)
• B. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)
• C. Congenital lobar emphysema
• D. Neonatal pneumonia

Hint:

Newborn with severe respiratory distress and bowel loops in chest X-ray = congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs due to a defect in the diaphragm, allowing abdominal contents to enter the thoracic cavity. It causes severe respiratory distress in the newborn.

Step 1: Identify neonatal presentation.
A 1-day-old newborn with significant respiratory distress suggests a serious congenital thoracic condition.

Step 2: Understand radiological clue.
In congenital diaphragmatic hernia, bowel loops may be seen in the chest, with mediastinal shift and poor lung expansion.

Step 3: Select diagnosis.
The most probable diagnosis is: \[ \text{Congenital diaphragmatic hernia} \] Therefore, the correct answer is Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH).