Question:
Match List-I (Parameter) with List-II (Definition)
List-I (Parameter) List-II (Definition) A. Mediterranean outflow IV. Conspicuously warm and saline due to excess evaporation over precipitation. B. Antarctic bottom water I. Formed by sinking along the ice edge in the Weddell Sea. C. North Atlantic deep water II. Formed by sinking of water along the ice edge in Greenland. D. Humboldt current III. Equatorward current driven by winds along Eastern flanks.
Match List-I (Parameter) with List-II (Definition)
| List-I (Parameter) | List-II (Definition) |
|---|---|
| A. Mediterranean outflow | IV. Conspicuously warm and saline due to excess evaporation over precipitation. |
| B. Antarctic bottom water | I. Formed by sinking along the ice edge in the Weddell Sea. |
| C. North Atlantic deep water | II. Formed by sinking of water along the ice edge in Greenland. |
| D. Humboldt current | III. Equatorward current driven by winds along Eastern flanks. |
Show Hint
Key distinction: AABW (densest, coldest) forms in the Weddell Sea; NADW forms near Greenland. Mediterranean outflow is uniquely warm and salty compared to other deep water masses. The Humboldt current flows equatorward along South America's west coast.
Updated On: May 20, 2026
- A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
- A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
- A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
- A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
Show Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
Ocean water masses are formed by specific physical processes and have distinctive temperature and salinity characteristics:
• Mediterranean Outflow: Dense, warm, and saline water flows into the Atlantic due to excess evaporation over precipitation in the Mediterranean basin.
• Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW): The densest water mass in the ocean, formed by cooling and sinking near the Weddell Sea ice edge.
• North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW): Forms by sinking of cold, dense water near the Greenland and Labrador Seas.
• Humboldt Current: A cold, equatorward-flowing eastern boundary current driven by SE trade winds along the western coast of South America.
Step 1: Match Mediterranean outflow.
Mediterranean water is warm and saline due to excess evaporation over precipitation. \[ \text{A. Mediterranean outflow} \;\longrightarrow\; \text{IV} \]
Step 2: Match Antarctic bottom water.
AABW forms by sinking near the Weddell Sea ice edge (Antarctica). \[ \text{B. Antarctic bottom water} \;\longrightarrow\; \text{I} \]
Step 3: Match North Atlantic deep water.
NADW forms by sinking of dense water near Greenland. \[ \text{C. North Atlantic deep water} \;\longrightarrow\; \text{II} \]
Step 4: Match Humboldt current.
The Humboldt current is an equatorward eastern boundary current driven by winds. \[ \text{D. Humboldt current} \;\longrightarrow\; \text{III} \]
Step 5: Confirm the final match.
A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III \(\Rightarrow\) Option (2).
• Mediterranean Outflow: Dense, warm, and saline water flows into the Atlantic due to excess evaporation over precipitation in the Mediterranean basin.
• Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW): The densest water mass in the ocean, formed by cooling and sinking near the Weddell Sea ice edge.
• North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW): Forms by sinking of cold, dense water near the Greenland and Labrador Seas.
• Humboldt Current: A cold, equatorward-flowing eastern boundary current driven by SE trade winds along the western coast of South America.
Step 1: Match Mediterranean outflow.
Mediterranean water is warm and saline due to excess evaporation over precipitation. \[ \text{A. Mediterranean outflow} \;\longrightarrow\; \text{IV} \]
Step 2: Match Antarctic bottom water.
AABW forms by sinking near the Weddell Sea ice edge (Antarctica). \[ \text{B. Antarctic bottom water} \;\longrightarrow\; \text{I} \]
Step 3: Match North Atlantic deep water.
NADW forms by sinking of dense water near Greenland. \[ \text{C. North Atlantic deep water} \;\longrightarrow\; \text{II} \]
Step 4: Match Humboldt current.
The Humboldt current is an equatorward eastern boundary current driven by winds. \[ \text{D. Humboldt current} \;\longrightarrow\; \text{III} \]
Step 5: Confirm the final match.
A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III \(\Rightarrow\) Option (2).
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