Two setups of polarizers are used to polarize natural light as shown. Find the value of the ratio of intensities \( I_1/I_2 \). The angle of axes is shown in the figure from a fixed axis.
As shown in the figure, for a biconvex lens the focal length is \( f \) and both radii of curvature are \( R \). Find the value of \( f/R \) (\( \mu = 1.4 \)):
Find magnitude of acceleration of particle at \(t = 5\,\text{s}\). If velocity–time graph is given as shown in figure.