List of top Questions asked in CBSE CLASS XII- 2026

According to Herman Daly (an environmental economist), to achieve sustainable development __________ .

(Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)

Identify the limitation of organic farming from the following :

(Choose the correct option)

The expenditure by the Indian government on education is expressed as a percentage of __________ .

(Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)

(i) Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

(ii) Total Government Expenditure

(iii) Total State Expenditure

In a hypothetical country, if the worker-population ratio is 30 and total number of workers is 1500, its total population will be __________ .

(Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)

Read the following statements carefully :

Statement I : Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis is known as the architect of Indian planning.

Statement II : The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 was adopted to ensure that the state takes the dominating status in the economy.

In the light of the given statements, choose the correct option from the following :

Indian producers were protected against foreign competition which did not give them the incentive to improve the quality of goods that they produced. Identify the policy referred to :

(Choose the correct option)

Explain any one fiscal measure which the government of the nation can initiate to curtail the situation of inflationary gap in the economy.

In a hypothetical economy, whenever the income increases, savings of the households increase by 20%. Their consumption expenditure which is independent of the level of income is ₹ 200 crore. The autonomous investment expenditure is ₹ 100 crore. Calculate the Equilibrium level of Income.

The exchange rate of the US dollar to the Indian rupee has fluctuated between a high of ₹ 88.325 on September 5, 2025 and a low of ₹ 87.899 on September 2, 2025.

In the light of these exchange rate movements, analyse the likely impact on the exports and imports of India, assuming all other factors constant.

Explain the adjustment mechanism to restore equilibrium in the economy, if ex-ante Aggregate Demand exceeds ex-ante Aggregate Supply.

“Suppose, in an economy, a given rise in investment expenditure results in a five-fold increase in National Income.”

Calculate the rise in the investment expenditure if the change in income was ₹ 2,000 crore.

The Central Bank announced that it will conduct auctions of government securities (G-Sec) for a total of ₹ 80,000 crore through open market operations.

In the light of the information given above, analyse the likely impact of such open market operations of the Central Bank on the aggregate demand of the Indian economy.

State the meaning of ‘Effective Demand’.

“A petrochemical industrial unit was accused of causing groundwater pollution, deterioration in air quality and negatively impacting the health of residents in the nearby villages.”

Analyse the likely impact of this activity on the Gross Domestic Product of the nation and the welfare of people in general.

Giving valid reasons, state whether the following will be included in India’s domestic income or not :

(i) Expenditure on stationery items by a firm

(ii) Interest received by a branch of State Bank of India (SBI) in Germany on loans it has extended

“The RBI is implementing a phased reduction of the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) from 4% to 3%.”

In the light of the given information, explain the rationale behind the Reserve Bank of India’s policy initiative to promote credit expansion.

A local tea seller uses tea leaves, utensils, sugar, milk, water, ginger and a small gas stove to sell tea to customers.

Using this given information, categorize these items as intermediate or final goods. Explain the basis for distinguishing between these two categories.

“In recent times, the Reserve Bank of India has reduced the Repo Rate (RR).”

The most likely objective of the Reserve Bank of India behind this policy change is to __________ the borrowing cost and __________ liquidity in the economy.

(Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks)

From the following data of a hypothetical economy, calculate the value of National Income (NNP_FC).

Read the following statements : Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option from those given below :

Assertion (A) : Capital account is in balance when capital inflows are equal to capital outflows.

Reason (R) : Autonomous capital inflows indicate a decrease in assets and an increase in liabilities.

Under the Keynesian theory, ‘Reference line’ is a straight line passing through the origin drawn at an angle of __________.

(Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)

Identify the transactions that will be recorded in India’s capital account of the Balance of Payments (BoP) :

(Choose the correct option)

(i) Indian residents purchasing properties in Dubai

(ii) Indian firms borrowing from international banks

(iii) Remittances by Indians working abroad

(iv) Repayment of outstanding loans by the Indian Government to the IMF

Suppose the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) decides to keep the reserve ratio equal to 10%. The total deposits created will be __________ times the primary deposit.

(Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)

Read the following statements carefully :

Statement I : Stock variables are measurable at a particular point of time.

Statement II : A change in any stock variable in a given time period is a flow variable.

In the light of the given statements, choose the correct option from the following :

Ayaan owns a transportation company and spent ₹ 30,000 in the year 2024 – 25 on the repair of all vehicles.

This will be classified as __________ expenditure while estimating the National Income of India.

(Choose the correct option to fill in the blank)