List of top Soil and Water Conservation Engineering Questions

Bench terraces are planned on \(15\%\) hill slope. The vertical interval is \(2.5\) m, and the riser has a slope of \(1:1\). The earthwork in cutting is equal to the earthwork in filling. The volume of earthwork per hectare (in m\(^3\)/ha) is ________ (Rounded off to the nearest integer)
An undisturbed soil sample is collected from a field with core cylinder having an internal diameter of \(60\) mm and length of \(100\) mm. The weights of moist soil and oven dried soil are \(0.48\) kg and \(0.44\) kg, respectively. Assuming density of water as \(1000\) kg/m\(^3\), the water depth (in metres per metre depth of soil) is ________ (Rounded off to two decimal places)
A \(0.80\) km\(^2\) agricultural watershed has a slope of \(0.30\%\) and the maximum length of travel of water is \(1\) km. The \(10\)-year maximum depth of rainfall is tabulated below:
Duration (minutes)51020304060
Maximum depth of rainfall (mm)162439506065

Half of the watershed has row crops (runoff coefficient = \(0.40\)), whilst the other half of the watershed has pasture (runoff coefficient = \(0.35\)). The peak flow rate for the watershed (in m\(^3\)/s) for the \(10\)-year return period is ________. (Rounded off to two decimal places)
Two catchments M and N are meteorologically similar. The basin length (\(L\)), length to the centroid (\(L_{ca}\)), and the drainage area (\(A\)) of catchment M are \(36\) km, \(18\) km, and \(250\) km\(^2\), respectively. The \(L\), \(L_{ca}\) and \(A\) for catchment N are \(50\) km, \(30\) km, and \(400\) km\(^2\), respectively.
For a \(6\)-h unit hydrograph in catchment M, the peak discharge of \(50\) m\(^3\)/s occurs at \(12\) h from the beginning of the rainfall excess. Using Snyder's method, the peak of the \(6\)-h unit hydrograph for catchment N (in m\(^3\)/s) is ________. (Rounded off to two decimal places)
By depth-area-duration (DAD) analysis, the maximum average depth of rainfall over a \(10^{3}\) \(\text{km}^2\) catchment due to a 6-hour storm is 80 mm. For the same storm, the maximum average depth of rainfall for a \(10^{4}\) \(\text{km}^2\) catchment, in mm, is
A natural colloidal clay, having the characteristics of absorbing water and swelling 8 to 15 times its dry size, used as an efficient and effective sealing material for farm ponds, is
When the bed slope of the discharge carrier in a chute spillway changes from steeper to milder, we provide a
In wind erosion, the amount of soil transported varies
Which nutrient is most commonly deficient in Indian soils?
The duty of water is defined as:
The permanent wilting point of soil corresponds approximately to which soil moisture tension?
The efficiency of irrigation system is maximum in:
Apple juice (viscosity = 1.6 cP) is being filtered through a 2 m\(^2\) filter under a constant pressure. The juice has solid concentration of 0.04 g.mL\(^{-1}\) in filtrate. The total pressure drop is 325.33 kPa. The values of cake and filter medium resistance are \(1.85 \times 10^{11}\) m.kg\(^{-1}\) and \(3.50 \times 10^{11}\) m\(^{-1}\), respectively. The time required to filter 800 litres of juice is ________ hour. (Answer in integer)
For a right-hand offset disc harrow, the longitudinal distance from the hitch point to the centers of the front and rear gangs are 2.5 m and 4.5 m, respectively. The resultant horizontal soil forces in longitudinal direction on the front and rear gangs are 3.0 kN and 3.5 kN, respectively; while the resultant horizontal soil forces in lateral directions are 2.5 kN and 4.0 kN, respectively. Considering the resultant soil forces acting at the centers of front and rear gangs, the amount of offset of the center of cut with respect to the hitch point is _________ m. (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)
A horizontal axis wind turbine with 24 m diameter blades, running with an average wind velocity of 6.0 m.s\(^{-1}\), is used for pumping irrigation water. The average air density is 1.23 kg.m\(^{-3}\). Considering coefficient of power as 0.3, transmission efficiency as 90%, pump efficiency as 60%, acceleration due to gravity as 9.81 m.s\(^{-2}\) and density of water as 1000 kg.m\(^{-3}\), the discharge of the pump for a total head of 20 m is _________ L.s\(^{-1}\). (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)
An 8 ha watershed receives rainfall intensities of 2.5, 3.6, 5.4, 3.3, 2.6 and 1.2 cm.h\(^{-1}\) at the successive intervals of 30 minutes. The corresponding surface runoff volume is estimated to be 4800 m\(^3\). Neglecting initial abstraction losses, the W-index for this watershed is _________ cm.h\(^{-1}\) (Rounded off to 2 decimal places).
To protect a wheat field from wind erosion, windbreaks of 2.7 m height are provided. The actual wind velocity at 15 m height perpendicular to the wind barrier is 9 m.s\(^{-1}\) and the minimum wind velocity at 15 m height required to move the most erodible soil fraction is 9.6 m.s\(^{-1}\). The distance of full protection from this windbreak is _________ m. (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)
A 10 ha watershed experiences a rainfall of 15 mm, evapotranspiration of 5 mm, infiltration of 4.5 mm, deep percolation of 2.2 mm, detention storage of 0.5 mm, and other abstraction losses of 0.3 mm during the storm event. Neglecting other surface storages, the total overland flow generated from the watershed due to this storm event is _________\ m\(^3\) (Answer in integer).
Water flows through a 90° V-notch weir having a discharge coefficient of 0.6. If the depth of water above the notch is 49 cm and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m.s\(^{-2}\), the discharge over the notch is _________ m\(^3\).s\(^{-1}\) (Rounded off to 2 decimal places).
The volume and voids ratio of an undisturbed soil sample are 100 cm\(^3\) and 0.60, respectively. After oven drying, the mass of this sample is reduced from 185 g to 165 g without any shrinkage in the volume. If the specific gravity of this sample is 2.64, the degree of saturation of this soil is _________ %. (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)
A flat plate solar collector located at Bhopal (23° 15' N, 77° 42' E) is tilted at an angle of 30° with the horizontal and facing due South. Considering hour angle as 45°, the angle made by the beam radiation with normal to the collector plate on June 30, 2023 at 3:00 PM (Local Apparent Time) is _________ degree. (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)
A six-stage centrifugal pump delivers water at the rate of 150 L.s\(^{-1}\) against a net pressure rise of 5003 kN.m\(^{-2}\). The pump impeller rotates at 1450 rpm. If the acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m.s\(^{-2}\), the specific speed of the pump is _________ (Answer in integer).
Apple slices are dried from a moisture content of 65% (dry basis) to 10% (dry basis) in a hybrid solar dryer under falling rate period. The apple slices have a drying rate constant of \( \frac{1}{104} \) minute\(^{-1}\). Considering an equilibrium moisture content of 2% (dry basis), the time required for drying is _________ minutes. (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)
While sowing mustard seeds (bulk density = 800 kg.m\(^{-3}\)), a four-row fluted roller type seed drill with 25 cm row spacing operates at a speed of 2.5 km.h\(^{-1}\). For a desired seed rate of 5.0 kg.ha\(^{-1}\), the flowrate of seeds from the machine in m\(^3\).h\(^{-1}\) is:
Apple slices are dried from a moisture content of 65% (dry basis) to 10% (dry basis) in a hybrid solar dryer under falling rate period. The apple slices have a drying rate constant of \( \frac{1}{104} \) minute\(^{-1}\). Considering an equilibrium moisture content of 2% (dry basis), the time required for drying is _________ minutes. (Rounded off to 2 decimal places)