Question

Write down salient features of genetic code.

Hint:

The redundancy in the genetic code allows some mutations to occur without altering the protein sequence, which helps in maintaining the function of many genes.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding Genetic Code.
The genetic code is a set of rules used by living organisms to translate the information encoded in DNA into proteins. The salient features of the genetic code include:
1. **Universal**: The genetic code is nearly universal across all organisms, meaning the same codons code for the same amino acids in almost all living beings.
2. **Degenerate**: There are more codons (64) than amino acids (20), meaning some amino acids are coded by more than one codon.
3. **Unambiguous**: Each codon codes for only one amino acid.
4. **Start and Stop Codons**: The code includes specific codons that signal the start (AUG) and stop (UAA, UAG, UGA) of protein synthesis.
5. **Non-overlapping and Comma-free**: Codons are read in sequence without overlapping, and the reading frame does not have punctuation marks.

Step 2: Conclusion.
The genetic code ensures that the instructions for protein synthesis are accurately followed in all living organisms.