Question

Who proposed the Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence using factor analysis?

• A. Alfred Binet
• B. Louis Thurstone
• C. Charles Spearman
• D. Howard Gardner

Hint:

Remember: Spearman for Specific ($s$) and General ($g$) factors. Think of a "Spear" having one main point ($g$) and several smaller serrations ($s$).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Psychologists use statistical methods like factor analysis to determine whether intelligence is a single general ability or a collection of specific independent skills.

Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Spearman's theory focuses on two components: '$g$' (General) and '$s$' (Specific).

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
In 1904, Charles Spearman proposed that every intellectual activity involves a general factor ($g$-factor), which is the mental energy required for all tasks, and a specific factor ($s$-factor), which is unique to a particular task (like music, math, or language). He used factor analysis to show that people who perform well on one cognitive task tend to perform well on others, suggesting the presence of the $g$-factor.

Step 4: Final Answer:
Charles Spearman proposed the Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence.