Concept:
Epic Theatre aims to provoke critical thinking rather than emotional immersion. To achieve this, the playwright uses techniques to remind the audience that they are watching a representation of reality, not reality itself.
Step 1: Identifying the progenitor of the theory.
The 'Theory of Alienation' (known in German as Verfremdungseffekt or the V-effect) was propounded by Bertolt Brecht. He wanted to "alienate" or "estrange" the audience from the characters and the plot so they would remain objective and analyze the socio-political messages of the play. Techniques included actors breaking the fourth wall, harsh white lighting, and placards to explain the action.