Step 1: Define greenhouse gases.
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect. Major greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)), methane (\(CH_4\)), nitrous oxide (\(N_2O\)), and water vapour (\(H_2O\)).
Step 2: Analyze the options.
Option (A): Methane (\(CH_4\)) is a potent greenhouse gas with a high global warming potential.
Option (B): Water vapour (\(H_2O\)) is the most abundant greenhouse gas, contributing significantly to the natural greenhouse effect.
Option (C): Sulphur dioxide (\(SO_2\)) is not a greenhouse gas. Instead, it can cause cooling by forming aerosols that reflect sunlight.
Option (D): Nitrous oxide (\(N_2O\)) is a significant greenhouse gas with a long atmospheric lifetime.