Question

Which one is involved in specific immune system ?

• A. Lymphocytes
• B. Monocytes
• C. Neutrophils
• D. Basophils

Hint:

Remember: Lymphocytes (B and T cells) are the cellular backbone of specific (adaptive) immunity, while phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes) manage innate, non-specific immunity.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The vertebrate immune system is functionally divided into the non-specific (innate) immune system, which provides immediate, general defense against pathogens, and the specific (adaptive) immune system, which provides highly targeted defense with immunological memory.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The specific (adaptive) immune response is characterized by its high specificity toward distinct pathogen antigens and the generation of memory cells.
The primary cell types responsible for orchestrating and executing the specific immune system are Lymphocytes (specifically, B cells and T cells):
- B lymphocytes synthesize specific antibodies to bind extracellular pathogens (humoral immunity).
- T lymphocytes recognize specific processed antigens presented on host cells and initiate cell-mediated destruction.
Let us review the roles of the other choices:
- Monocytes, Neutrophils, and Basophils: These are specialized leukocytes that participate exclusively in the non-specific (innate) immune system through phagocytosis, cytokine release, and inflammatory responses without maintaining antigen-specific memory.

Step 4: Final Answer:
Therefore, Lymphocytes are involved in the specific immune system.