Step 1: Understanding colour vision deficiencies.
Colour blindness results from the malfunctioning or absence of certain cone cells in the retina. Step 2: Identifying Tritanopia.
Tritanopia is caused by defects in the blue-sensitive (S) cones and leads to difficulty distinguishing between blue and yellow colours. Step 3: Elimination of other options.
Protanopia and Deuteranopia affect red–green colour perception, while Ritalin is a medication and unrelated to vision. Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, blue–yellow colour deficiency is known as Tritanopia.