Which of the following statements is not true?
- Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution
- Sweet potato and potato is an example of analogy
- Homology indicates common ancestry
- Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of homologous organs
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
In order to determine which statement is not true, let's first understand the concepts of homologous and analogous structures. Homologous structures are body parts in different species that have a similar structure and position but differ in function, indicating a common ancestry. On the other hand, analogous structures perform similar functions but have different evolutionary origins, stemming from convergent evolution.
Let's evaluate each statement:
- Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution: This statement is true. Convergent evolution leads to analogous structures because unrelated species develop similar traits independently due to adapting to similar environments.
- Sweet potato and potato is an example of analogy: This statement is also true. Although sweet potato and potato have similar functions (as storage organs), they have evolved independently in different plant species, making them analogous.
- Homology indicates common ancestry: True. Homologous structures share a common ancestor, differentiating this from analogy. Homology refers to similarities due to shared evolutionary lineage.
- Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of homologous organs: This statement is not true. While flippers of penguins and dolphins have a similar function (swimming), they do not share a common evolutionary origin and are therefore considered analogous rather than homologous.
Thus, the statement, "Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of homologous organs," is not true.
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Concepts Used:
Evolution
Evolution is a process that occurs in changes in the genetic content of a population over time. Evolutionary change is generally classified into two: microevolution and macroevolution. The process of changes in allele frequencies in a population over time is a microevolutionary process. Three main mechanisms that cause allele frequency change are natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. On the other hand, macroevolution refers to change at or above the level of the species.