In this question, we are asked to identify the wrongly matched pair among the given options related to biological concepts.
Starch synthesis in pea : Multiple alleles - This is incorrectly matched. Starch synthesis in pea plants does not involve multiple alleles. Instead, multiple alleles are commonly observed in traits such as blood groups, where more than two allele forms exist for a single gene.
XO type sex determination : Grasshopper - This is correctly matched. In grasshoppers, the method of sex determination is based on the XO system, where females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have one X chromosome (XO), making their sex determination depend on the presence or absence of the Y chromosome.
ABO blood grouping : Co-dominance - This is correctly matched. The ABO blood group system displays co-dominance, where alleles A and B are both expressed if present together, resulting in the AB blood type.
T.H. Morgan : Linkage - This is correctly matched. Thomas Hunt Morgan is known for his work on the concept of linkage in genetics, whereby genes that are located close to each other on a chromosome tend to be inherited together.
Therefore, the correct answer is Starch synthesis in pea : Multiple alleles as it is the wrongly matched pair.