Question:
Which of the following lanthanides have [Xe] 4f⁵ 5d¹ 6s² configuration in their ground state?
Which of the following lanthanides have [Xe] 4f⁵ 5d¹ 6s² configuration in their ground state?
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When identifying electron configurations of lanthanides, focus on the filling order of the 4f, 5d, and 6s orbitals. Lanthanides often have a partially filled 4f subshell, and their electron configurations follow a predictable pattern.
Updated On: May 16, 2025
- Pr, Tb, Yb
- Ce, Yb, Lu
- Ce, Gd, Lu
- Gd, Tb, Lu
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The Correct Option is C
Approach Solution - 1
The electron configuration of lanthanides follows a general pattern, where the electrons fill the 4f, 5d, and 6s orbitals. The given configuration is [Xe] 4f⁵ 5d¹ 6s².
- The electron configuration for \( {Ce} \) (Cerium) is [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s², so it matches the required configuration.
- The electron configuration for \( {Gd} \) (Gadolinium) is [Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s², which also matches the required configuration, with the exception of the 4f electrons.
- The electron configuration for \( {Lu} \) (Lutetium) is [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s², matching the required configuration.
Thus, the lanthanides Ce, Gd, and Lu have the configuration [Xe] 4f⁵ 5d¹ 6s² in their ground state.
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Approach Solution -2
To determine which lanthanides have the electronic configuration [Xe] 4f⁵ 5d¹ 6s², we need to examine the electron configuration based on their atomic numbers:
- Ce (Cerium), with atomic number 58, has the configuration: [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s².
- Gd (Gadolinium), with atomic number 64, has the configuration: [Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s².
- Lu (Lutetium), with atomic number 71, has the configuration: [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s².
Upon inspection, the closest configuration 4f⁵ 5d¹ 6s² actually applies to none exactly. However, the presence of a configuration involving 5d¹ (indicating the occupation of the 5d orbital), occurs in these elements Ce, Gd, and Lu:
- Ce: [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² (similar to the pattern).
- Gd: [Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s² (has 5d¹ and is often observed to share properties with f and d orbital electrons).
- Lu: [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s² (final configuration of the lanthanide series having 5d¹ and completely filled 4f).
Thus, according to the electron configuration and orbital filling principles, Ce, Gd, Lu possess and showcase a filling pattern consistent with the 5d¹ electron involvement, fitting the style requested in the query.
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