Step 1: Factors of soil formation.
Soil formation is influenced by climate, vegetation, parent rock, topography, and time.
Step 2: Options analysis.
(A) Climate: Important factor.
(B) Vegetation: Contributes organic matter.
(C) Rocks: Provide mineral base.
(D) All of these: Correct — all listed are factors.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, all of the given options are factors of soil formation.