Question

Which of the following hydraulic turbine is known as mixed flow turbine?

• A. Pelton turbine
• B. Francis turbine
• C. Propeller turbine
• D. Kaplan turbine

Hint:

Remember the "F" for Francis and Flow change. It starts going sideways (radial) and finishes going down (axial). That "mix" of directions makes it the Mixed Flow turbine!

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Hydraulic turbines are classified according to the direction of water flow through the runner relative to the axis of rotation. 1. Direction of Flow Classifications:

• Tangential Flow: Water strikes the runner tangential to the path of rotation (e.g., Pelton turbine).

• Radial Flow: Water flows along the radii of the runner (Inward or Outward).

• Axial Flow: Water flows parallel to the axis of the runner (e.g., Kaplan and Propeller turbines).

• Mixed Flow: Water enters the runner radially and leaves axially.

2. The Francis Turbine: The

Francis turbine is the most common example of a

mixed flow turbine.

• As water enters through the guide vanes, it moves toward the center of the runner

radially.

• As the water flows through the curved blades of the runner, it is deflected to exit the turbine

axially (parallel to the shaft).

3. Application and Versatility: Because of its mixed flow design, the Francis turbine is extremely versatile. It can handle a wide range of heads (from 25m to over 600m) and flow rates, making it the most widely used hydraulic turbine in modern hydroelectric power plants globally.