Concept:
Karl Marx developed theories related to class struggle, capitalism, and materialist interpretation of history.
Step 1:
Dialectical materialism is associated with Marxist philosophy and social change through contradictions.
\[
\text{Associated with Karl Marx}
\]
Step 2:
Historical materialism explains historical development through material and economic conditions.
\[
\text{Associated with Karl Marx}
\]
Step 3:
Marx believed that workers would eventually overthrow capitalist systems through proletarian revolution.
\[
\text{Associated with Karl Marx}
\]
Step 4:
The concept of circulation of elite was developed by Vilfredo Pareto, not Karl Marx.
\[
\text{Not associated with Karl Marx}
\]
Step 5:
Hence, the correct answer is Circulation of Elite.
\[
\boxed{\text{(2) Circulation of Elite}}
\]