Question:
Which of the following bacterial pathogen is believed to have originated in Andes region in South America, and spread to other continents
Which of the following bacterial pathogen is believed to have originated in Andes region in South America, and spread to other continents
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Bacterial wilt of potato, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2, co-originated with the potato plant in the South American Andes and spread worldwide via infected seed tubers.
Updated On: Jul 31, 2026
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
- Ralstonia solanacearum
- Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Plant-pathogenic bacteria can spread internationally through the movement of infected plant propagation materials, such as seeds, tubers, or cuttings.
Identifying the evolutionary origin of these pathogens is essential for designing biosecurity, quarantine, and breeding programs.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Ralstonia solanacearum is a high-consequence, soil-borne bacterium that causes bacterial wilt, commonly referred to as brown rot, in a wide range of host crops.
This pathogen is divided into several races and biovars based on host range and biochemical properties.
Specifically, Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2 is a cold-tolerant variant that primarily attacks potato plants.
This specific variant is widely believed to have co-evolved and originated in the Andes region of South America, which is the native home and center of origin of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum).
With the global export of potato seed tubers during and after the 19th century, this pathogen was inadvertently transported to Europe, Asia, and other continents.
Once introduced, it established itself in local soils, causing severe economic damage to potato, tomato, and eggplant crops.
In contrast, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Option A) causes bacterial leaf blight of rice and originated in Asia.
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Option C) causes bacterial blight of pomegranate, which is highly prevalent in India and surrounding regions.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Option D) is a cosmopolitan soil bacterium responsible for crown gall disease and has a global distribution with no specific evolutionary link to the Andes.
Thus, Ralstonia solanacearum is the pathogen connected with the Andes region of South America.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Plant-pathogenic bacteria can spread internationally through the movement of infected plant propagation materials, such as seeds, tubers, or cuttings.
Identifying the evolutionary origin of these pathogens is essential for designing biosecurity, quarantine, and breeding programs.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Ralstonia solanacearum is a high-consequence, soil-borne bacterium that causes bacterial wilt, commonly referred to as brown rot, in a wide range of host crops.
This pathogen is divided into several races and biovars based on host range and biochemical properties.
Specifically, Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2 is a cold-tolerant variant that primarily attacks potato plants.
This specific variant is widely believed to have co-evolved and originated in the Andes region of South America, which is the native home and center of origin of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum).
With the global export of potato seed tubers during and after the 19th century, this pathogen was inadvertently transported to Europe, Asia, and other continents.
Once introduced, it established itself in local soils, causing severe economic damage to potato, tomato, and eggplant crops.
In contrast, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Option A) causes bacterial leaf blight of rice and originated in Asia.
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Option C) causes bacterial blight of pomegranate, which is highly prevalent in India and surrounding regions.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Option D) is a cosmopolitan soil bacterium responsible for crown gall disease and has a global distribution with no specific evolutionary link to the Andes.
Thus, Ralstonia solanacearum is the pathogen connected with the Andes region of South America.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Hence, the correct option is (B).
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