Question

Which of the following are push factors for rural to urban migration?
(A) Flood
(B) Political instability
(C) Better job opportunities
(D) High agricultural yields
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A), (B) and (C) only
• B. (B) and (D) only
• C. (A) and (B) only
• D. (B), (C) and (D) only

Hint:

To identify push/pull factors, ask "Does this factor make someone want to LEAVE their home, or does it make them want to GO to a new place?" If it's about leaving, it's a push factor. If it's about going, it's a pull factor.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Migration is influenced by push and pull factors. - Push factors are negative conditions in the place of origin that compel or encourage people to leave (e.g., poverty, disasters, lack of services). - Pull factors are positive conditions in the destination that attract people (e.g., jobs, education, stability).

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze the given factors from the perspective of a rural area: \[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{(A) Flood: A natural disaster like a flood destroys homes, crops, and livelihoods, making life difficult and forcing people to leave. This is a strong push factor.} \\ \bullet & \text{(B) Political instability: Lack of security, conflict, or poor governance in a rural area can make it unsafe or untenable to live there, pushing people to seek stability elsewhere. This is a push factor.} \\ \bullet & \text{(C) Better job opportunities: This is a feature of the destination (the urban area). It attracts people to the city. Therefore, it is a pull factor, not a push factor.} \\ \bullet & \text{(D) High agricultural yields: This is a positive condition in the rural area. It would provide a good livelihood and encourage people to stay, not leave. This is an anti-push factor.} \\ \end{array}\] Therefore, the only push factors in the list are floods and political instability.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The push factors for rural to urban migration are (A) Flood and (B) Political instability.