Question

Which of the following are permanent emotions ?
A. Nirveda
B. Glani
C. Rati
D. Haas
E. Shoka
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A, B, C Only
• B. B, C, D Only
• C. C, D, E Only
• D. D, E, A Only

Hint:

Permanent emotions (*Sthayi Bhavas*) are deeply seated human drives that directly build a standalone *Rasa*. Passing feelings like *Glani* (tiredness) simply decorate the scene.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept: In aesthetics theory from the Natyashastra, mental states are explicitly categorized into stable, primary emotions (Sthayi Bhava) and transient, passing states (Sanchari/Vyabhichari Bhava).

Step 1: Filtering stable primary emotions from transient feelings.

• Rati (Love/Pleasure) is a fundamental Sthayi Bhava corresponding to Shrangara Rasa.
• Haas (Laughter/Mirth) is a fundamental Sthayi Bhava corresponding to Hasya Rasa.
• Shoka (Grief/Sorrow) is a fundamental Sthayi Bhava corresponding to Karuna Rasa. Conversely, *Glani* (Fatigue/Exhaustion) is explicitly classified as a temporary state (*Sanchari Bhava*). While some text versions list *Nirveda* (Detachment) under specific later contexts, the classic textbook configuration for this option grouping strictly locks C, D, and E as the permanent dominant emotions.