Let's analyze the network models:
(A) Client-Server Model: In this model, dedicated computers called servers provide services (like file storage, web pages, or email), and other computers called clients request and use these services. It is a centralized model.
(B) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Model: In this model, there is no central server. Each computer (or peer) on the network has equal capabilities and can act as both a client and a server. They share resources directly with each other. This model is based on direct connections between computers.
(C) Hybrid Network Model: This model combines elements of both the client-server and peer-to-peer models.
(D) Cloud Computing Model: This is a form of the client-server model where resources and services are provided over the internet by a cloud provider.
The model based on direct connections without a central server is the Peer-to-Peer model.