Question:
Which is the landmark case which expanded the scope of Article 23 of the Constitution of India?
Which is the landmark case which expanded the scope of Article 23 of the Constitution of India?
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PUDR Case = "No Minimum Wage = Forced Labor." The Supreme Court made it clear that economic exploitation disguised as low wages violates the constitutional protection against forced labor!
Updated On: Jun 8, 2026
- PUDR v. Union of India, (1982) 3 SCC 235
- M.C. Mehta v. State of Tamil Nadu, (1996) 6 SCC 756
- Glaxo Laboratories v. Presiding Officer, Labour Court, Meerut, (1984) 1 SCC 1
- Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan, (1997) 6 SCC 241
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Article 23 prohibits "forced labor" and "begar." The PUDR (People's Union for Democratic Rights) case significantly broadened this definition.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- In the PUDR case, the Supreme Court held that "forced labor" under Article 23 includes labor provided for less than minimum wages. The Court reasoned that if a person is paid less than the minimum wage, they are effectively being forced to work out of economic necessity, which is a form of exploitation prohibited by the Constitution.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The PUDR case expanded the scope of Article 23. Option (A) is correct.
Article 23 prohibits "forced labor" and "begar." The PUDR (People's Union for Democratic Rights) case significantly broadened this definition.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- In the PUDR case, the Supreme Court held that "forced labor" under Article 23 includes labor provided for less than minimum wages. The Court reasoned that if a person is paid less than the minimum wage, they are effectively being forced to work out of economic necessity, which is a form of exploitation prohibited by the Constitution.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The PUDR case expanded the scope of Article 23. Option (A) is correct.
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