Question

Which Article under the Constitution of India talks about the participation of workers in the management of Industries?

• A. 43
• B. 43A
• C. 43B
• D. 42

Hint:

Pay close attention to Constitutional Amendments, especially the 42nd ("Mini-Constitution") and 44th. Many questions are framed around the Articles that were added or modified by these amendments. Note down the purpose of each DPSP article.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the specific Article in the Constitution of India that mandates the state to take steps for securing the participation of workers in the management of industries. This provision is a part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in Part IV of the Constitution.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze the given options, which are all from Part IV (DPSP):
- Article 43: It directs the State to secure for all workers a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life, and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities. It also promotes cottage industries.
- Article 43A: It states, "The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry." This was inserted by the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976, and it directly addresses the question.
- Article 43B: It deals with the promotion of co-operative societies. It was inserted by the Constitution (97th Amendment) Act, 2011.
- Article 42: It directs the State to make provisions for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The article that explicitly talks about the participation of workers in the management of industries is Article 43A.

Answer 2

All four options are Articles from Part IV of the Constitution, the Directive Principles of State Policy, so the fastest way to answer is to recall what each specific article was inserted to achieve and when.

1. Article 43: this is an original part of the Constitution and directs the State to secure a living wage and decent conditions of work for all workers, along with promoting cottage industries. It talks about the conditions workers should enjoy, not about giving them a role in running the enterprise.
2. Article 43A: this was inserted later, by the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976, and its text specifically directs the State to take steps, through legislation or otherwise, to secure the participation of workers in the management of industrial undertakings. This is the only article among the four that speaks to worker participation in management.
3. Article 43B: this is a much more recent insertion, added by the Constitution (97th Amendment) Act, 2011, and it deals with the promotion of cooperative societies, not with workers managing industries.
4. Article 42: this article requires the State to make provisions for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief, again a workplace-conditions provision rather than a management-participation one.

Matching the subject, participation of workers in management, to the one article actually written for that purpose leaves only Article 43A.

The correct answer is 43A.