Question:
What is the action of the following reagents on ethyl amine:
i. Chloroform and caustic potash
ii. Nitrous acid
What is the action of the following reagents on ethyl amine:
i. Chloroform and caustic potash
ii. Nitrous acid
i. Chloroform and caustic potash
ii. Nitrous acid
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Primary amines give isocyanides with chloroform/KOH and alcohols with nitrous acid due to diazonium instability.
Updated On: Nov 6, 2025
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Solution and Explanation
i. Chloroform and Caustic Potash: Ethyl amine (\( \chemfig{CH_3-CH_2-NH_2} \)) undergoes the carbylamine reaction:
\[
\chemfig{CH_3-CH_2-NH_2} + \chemfig{CHCl_3} + 3\text{KOH} \xrightarrow{\text{heat}} \chemfig{CH_3-CH_2-NC} + 3\text{KCl} + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}.
\]
Product: Ethyl isocyanide (foul-smelling).
ii. Nitrous Acid: Ethyl amine reacts with HNO\(_2\) (from NaNO\(_2\) + HCl) to form an alcohol via diazonium ion decomposition: \[ \chemfig{CH_3-CH_2-NH_2} + \chemfig{HNO_2} \to \chemfig{CH_3-CH_2-OH} + \text{N}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O}. \] Product: Ethanol.
ii. Nitrous Acid: Ethyl amine reacts with HNO\(_2\) (from NaNO\(_2\) + HCl) to form an alcohol via diazonium ion decomposition: \[ \chemfig{CH_3-CH_2-NH_2} + \chemfig{HNO_2} \to \chemfig{CH_3-CH_2-OH} + \text{N}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O}. \] Product: Ethanol.
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