The correct answer is earthquake magnitude, often described as earthquake intensity in general knowledge sources.
The Richter scale was developed by Charles Richter in 1935 to express the amount of energy released by an earthquake in numerical terms. It is a logarithmic scale, meaning each whole number increase represents roughly ten times greater ground motion and about thirty times more energy release.
Scientists still use magnitude scales today, though modern seismology often relies on the moment magnitude scale for greater accuracy on larger earthquakes.