Question

Two species of fruit bats (Species 1 and Species 2) eat fruits of varying sizes. The curves shown represent the ecological niche for these two species. If the curves for both species were to completely overlap, which one or more of the statements given would be correct?
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• A. There will be no resource competition between Species 1 and Species 2.
• B. One of the species may become extinct due to competitive exclusion.
• C. There will be little competition between Species 1 and Species 2.
• D. The two species will use identical resources.

Hint:

To analyze niche overlap: 1. Complete overlap leads to intense competition for resources.
2. The competitive exclusion principle states that two species cannot coexist if they occupy the exact same niche.
3. Partial niche overlap may allow coexistence through resource partitioning.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B, D

Step 1: Define niche overlap and competition. When two species have overlapping ecological niches, they compete for the same resources. Complete niche overlap implies both species rely on identical resources, increasing interspecific competition. Step 2: Analyze the consequences of complete niche overlap. Option (A): Incorrect. Complete niche overlap leads to intense resource competition, not the absence of it. Option (B): Correct. According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species competing for the same resources cannot coexist indefinitely. One species will outcompete the other, potentially leading to extinction. Option (C): Incorrect. Complete niche overlap implies high competition, not little competition. Option (D): Correct. If the niches completely overlap, the two species will utilize identical resources, creating direct competition.