The total number of hydrogen bonds of a DNA-double Helix strand whose one strand has the following sequence of bases is _______ .
$5^{\prime}-\mathrm{G}-\mathrm{G}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{T}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{G}-\mathrm{G}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{T}-\mathrm{A}-3^{\prime}$
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Correct Answer: 33
Approach Solution - 1
To determine the total number of hydrogen bonds in a DNA-double helix strand based on the given sequence, we must consider how base pairing occurs. In DNA, the bases Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) pair together with 3 hydrogen bonds, while Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) pair with 2 hydrogen bonds.
The provided sequence is:
5′-G-G-C-A-A-A-T-C-G-G-C-T-A-3′
Let's count the hydrogen bonds for each base pair:
- G-G: 2 Guanine bases paired with Cytosine = 2 × 3 = 6 bonds
- C: 1 Cytosine base paired with Guanine = 3 bonds
- A-A-A: 3 Adenine bases paired with Thymine = 3 × 2 = 6 bonds
- T: 1 Thymine base paired with Adenine = 2 bonds
- C: 1 Cytosine base paired with Guanine = 3 bonds
- G-G: 2 Guanine bases paired with Cytosine = 2 × 3 = 6 bonds
- C: 1 Cytosine base paired with Guanine = 3 bonds
- T: 1 Thymine base paired with Adenine = 2 bonds
- A: 1 Adenine base paired with Thymine = 2 bonds
Adding all these together gives the total number of hydrogen bonds: 6 + 3 + 6 + 2 + 3 + 6 + 3 + 2 + 2 = 33.
Thus, the total number of hydrogen bonds is 33, which falls within the specified range (33,33).
Approach Solution -2
To determine the total number of hydrogen bonds in a DNA double-helix strand, we need to understand the base pairing rules of DNA:
- Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) via 2 hydrogen bonds.
- Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G) via 3 hydrogen bonds.
Given the DNA sequence:
5'-G-G-C-A-A-A-T-C-G-G-C-T-A-3'
Let's pair each base with its complementary base on the opposite strand and count the hydrogen bonds:
| Base Pair | Hydrogen Bonds |
| G - C | 3 |
| G - C | 3 |
| C - G | 3 |
| A - T | 2 |
| A - T | 2 |
| A - T | 2 |
| T - A | 2 |
| C - G | 3 |
| G - C | 3 |
| G - C | 3 |
| C - G | 3 |
| T - A | 2 |
| A - T | 2 |
Now, sum the total number of hydrogen bonds:
Total hydrogen bonds = 3 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 2 = 33
The total number of hydrogen bonds is 33, which is within the expected range of 33 to 33.
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