The potentials are applied to the four p-n junctions as shown below. The forward biased p-n junctions are:
- (A), (B), and (D) only
- (A), (B), and (C) only
- (B), (C), and (D) only
- (A), (C), and (D) only
The Correct Option is C
Approach Solution - 1
To determine which p-n junctions are forward biased, we analyze the potential connections:
Characteristics of forward bias:
- Positive terminal connected to p-side
- Negative terminal connected to n-side
- Applied voltage overcomes built-in potential
Analysis of each junction:
| Junction | Connection | Bias Type |
|---|---|---|
| (A) | -ve to p, +ve to n | Reverse |
| (B) | +ve to p, -ve to n | Forward |
| (C) | +ve to p, -ve to n | Forward |
| (D) | +ve to p, -ve to n | Forward |
The forward biased junctions are: (B), (C) and (D) only
Note: Junction (A) is reverse biased as it has opposite connections.
Approach Solution -2
For a p-n junction to be forward biased, the potential on the p-side must be higher than the potential on the n-side.
Let’s examine each configuration:-
Configuration (A): The p-side is at −5 V and the n-side
is at −3 V. Since the n-side is at a higher potential, this junction is reverse-biased.
Configuration (B): The p-side is at 0 V and the n-side is at −3 V. Since the p-side is at a higher potential, this junction is forward-biased.
Configuration (C): The p-side is at 7 V and the n-side is at 3 V. Since the p-side is at a higher potential, this junction is forward-biased.
Configuration (D): The p-side is at −10 V and the n-side is at −20 V. Since the p-side is at a higher potential, this junction is forward-biased.
Thus, the forward-biased junctions are (B), (C), and (D).
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