Question

The nurse makes that the diet consumed by PEM child is rich in

• A. . Fats and vitamins
• B. . Water soluble vitamins
• C. . Micro nutrient
• D. . Protein, carbohydrates and vitamins

Hint:

Remember that PEM is a comprehensive nutritional deficiency. Therefore, a holistic approach involving all essential macronutrients and micronutrients is required for treatment.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks about the essential dietary components needed for a child suffering from Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM).

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
* Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM): This is a severe form of malnutrition characterized by a deficiency of both protein and energy (calories). It encompasses conditions like marasmus (severe wasting due to chronic energy deficiency) and kwashiorkor (severe protein deficiency with adequate calories).
* Dietary Needs for PEM: Children with PEM require a diet that is rich in all macronutrients (protein for tissue repair and growth, carbohydrates for energy) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) to restore their nutritional status and promote recovery.
* Option Analysis:
- (A) Fats and vitamins: While important, fats alone are insufficient, and carbohydrates are also vital for energy.
- (B) Water soluble vitamins: These are micronutrients, essential but not the primary deficiency in PEM.
- (C) Micro nutrient: Too general; PEM is about macronutrient deficiency primarily.
- (D) Protein, carbohydrates and vitamins: This option correctly identifies the key macronutrients (protein and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (vitamins) needed to address the broad deficiencies in PEM.
Therefore, a diet rich in protein, carbohydrates, and vitamins is crucial for a child with PEM.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The nurse makes sure that the diet consumed by PEM child is rich in Protein, carbohydrates and vitamins.

Answer 2

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) develops when a child does not get enough protein and calories over time, so the right diet needs to correct more than one deficiency at once. Grouping the options by which nutrients they cover helps identify the option that is broad enough.

1. Fats and vitamins: Fats provide extra calories and vitamins support general body function, but this combination leaves out protein, which is needed to rebuild wasted muscle and tissue in a PEM child.
2. Water soluble vitamins: These vitamins support metabolism, but on their own they supply no protein and very little energy, so they cannot correct the core deficiency in PEM.
3. Micro nutrient: Micronutrients are needed in small amounts and matter for recovery, but naming only micronutrients ignores the much larger requirement for protein and energy-giving carbohydrates in these children.
4. Protein, carbohydrates and vitamins: This combination covers protein for rebuilding tissue, carbohydrates for the energy the child is short on, and vitamins for overall recovery, matching all the major gaps caused by PEM.

Only the fourth option supplies protein, energy, and micronutrients together, which is what a recovering PEM child actually needs.

Therefore, the correct answer is Protein, carbohydrates and vitamins.