Question

The number of species found on islands typically increases with the size of the island. Which one or more of the following options explains this relationship between island size and species richness?

• A. Large islands have more habitat types than small islands.
• B. Large islands are colonized by more species than small islands.
• C. Small islands have higher species extinction rates than large islands.
• D. Small islands are closer to the mainland than large islands.

Hint:

In island biogeography, the size of the island plays a crucial role in determining its ecological complexity and stability.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A, B, C

Step 1: Habitat Diversity. 
Larger islands typically provide more diverse habitats, which support a broader range of species, leading to greater biodiversity. 
Step 2: Colonization Opportunities. 
Larger islands, being more visible and accessible, attract a higher number of colonizing species from various sources, including the mainland or other islands. 
Step 3: Extinction Dynamics.
Due to their limited space and resources, smaller islands are prone to higher rates of species extinction as pressures from competition and environmental stresses are greater.