Question

The 'four Ds' of abnormality are:

• A. Deviance, Dysfunction, Distress, Danger
• B. Deviance, Disruption, Dysfunction, Danger
• C. Deviance, Disruption, Danger, Distress
• D. Deviance, Dysfunction, Distress, Disturbance

Hint:

Option (1) lists the four Ds correctly.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Psychologists use four features to decide if behaviour is abnormal. They all begin with the letter D, so they are called the four Ds.

Step 2: Recall the four Ds.
They are Deviance (behaviour far from the social norm), Dysfunction (it blocks daily life), Distress (it causes suffering) and Danger (risk to self or others).

Step 3: Check option (1).
It lists Deviance, Dysfunction, Distress and Danger. This matches exactly, so (1) is correct.

Step 4: Check option (2).
It uses Disruption in place of Distress. Disruption is not one of the four Ds, so (2) is wrong.

Step 5: Check option (3).
It has Disruption and lacks Dysfunction. So (3) is wrong.

Step 6: Check option (4).
It ends with Disturbance instead of Danger. So (4) is wrong.

Final Answer:
The four Ds are Deviance, Dysfunction, Distress and Danger. This is option (1).