Step 1: Duty of care.
For negligence to arise, there must first exist a duty of care owed by one person to another. Without this duty, no negligence claim can succeed.
Step 2: Breach of duty.
Once the duty of care is established, negligence requires a breach of that duty by failing to act as a reasonable and prudent person would in the same situation.
Step 3: Damage suffered.
The breach must cause actual damage or injury to the claimant. Without damage, negligence is not actionable.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, all three elements—duty, breach, and damage—are essential ingredients of negligence, making option (c) correct.