



In pedigree charts, the following symbols are standard:
Therefore, an affected male would be represented by a shaded (filled-in) square.
Based on this, the correct answer is

In pedigree analysis, squares represent the males while circles represent the female individuals. Since the horse breeder wants to show the male horse who is affected by the target gene, he should represent it with a shaded square. A shaded square in pedigree represents the affected males. Unshaded squares would represent the unaffected normal males.
The correct answer is (D) :
.
| Column I | Column II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Calotropis | p. | Invertebrates |
| 2. | Pisaster | q. | Distasteful |
| 3. | Monarch butterfly | r. | Cryptically colored |
| 4. | Frogs | s. | Cardioglycoside |
Match Column I and Column I
| Column I | Column II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Narrowly utilitarian argument | p | Conserving biodiversity for major ecosystem services |
| 2 | Broadly utilitarian argument | q | Every species has an intrinsic value and moral duty to pass our biological legacy in good order to future generation. |
| 3 | Ethical argument | r | Receiving benefits like food, medicine & industrial products. |
| Column I | Column II | ||
| 1. | Aneuploidy | p. | Increase in whole set of chromosomes |
| 2. | Monoploidy | q. | Loss or gain of a chromosome |
| 3. | Polyploidy | r. | Two sets of chromosomes |
| 4. | Diploidy | s. | A single set of chromosomes |