Question:
Suppose two hosts are connected by a point-to-point link and they are configured to use Stop-and-Wait protocol for reliable data transfer. Identify in which one of the following scenarios, the utilization of the link is the lowest.
Suppose two hosts are connected by a point-to-point link and they are configured to use Stop-and-Wait protocol for reliable data transfer. Identify in which one of the following scenarios, the utilization of the link is the lowest.
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In Stop-and-Wait, longer link lengths and higher transmission rates can lead to lower utilization due to the increased round-trip time.
Updated On: Feb 3, 2026
- Longer link length and lower transmission rate
- Longer link length and higher transmission rate
- Shorter link length and lower transmission rate
- Shorter link length and higher transmission rate
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
In the Stop-and-Wait protocol, the sender sends a frame and waits for an acknowledgment before sending the next frame. The link utilization in Stop-and-Wait is impacted by both the round-trip time (RTT) and the transmission rate. If the link length is longer, the round-trip time increases, and if the transmission rate is higher, the time to send each frame decreases. However, the Stop-and-Wait protocol is limited by the time spent waiting for acknowledgments.
When the link length is longer, the round-trip time increases, and even with a higher transmission rate, the time spent waiting for an acknowledgment can still dominate the utilization. This leads to lower link utilization, as the sender spends more time waiting than actually sending data. Therefore, in this case, the utilization is the lowest when the link length is longer and the transmission rate is higher (option B).
Thus, the correct answer is (B): Longer link length and higher transmission rate.
When the link length is longer, the round-trip time increases, and even with a higher transmission rate, the time spent waiting for an acknowledgment can still dominate the utilization. This leads to lower link utilization, as the sender spends more time waiting than actually sending data. Therefore, in this case, the utilization is the lowest when the link length is longer and the transmission rate is higher (option B).
Thus, the correct answer is (B): Longer link length and higher transmission rate.
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