Question

Statements: Some pens are books. All books are papers. Conclusions: I. Some pens are papers. II. All papers are books. Which conclusion follows?

• A. Only I follows
• B. Only II follows
• C. Both follow
• D. Neither follows

Hint:

Follow the some-then-all chain for I; a universal never reverses for II.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Chain the first path.
Some pens are books, and all books are papers, so those pens are also papers. Conclusion I follows.
Step 2: Test conclusion II.
All books are papers does not mean all papers are books; the reverse of a universal is not guaranteed.
Step 3: Conclude.
Only I follows.
\[\boxed{\textrm{Only I follows}}\]