Question:
Seed and fruit development in plants takes place step-by-step. Arrange the following steps in sequential order of development starting from the earliest to the latest one -
(A) Fertilized ovule develops into the seed
(B) Pollen lands on the stigma and grows a pollen tube down through the style to the ovary
(C) The ovary develops into fruit
(D) The nucleus of the pollen grain travels down the pollen tube and fertilizes the nucleus in the ovule
Seed and fruit development in plants takes place step-by-step. Arrange the following steps in sequential order of development starting from the earliest to the latest one -
(A) Fertilized ovule develops into the seed
(B) Pollen lands on the stigma and grows a pollen tube down through the style to the ovary
(C) The ovary develops into fruit
(D) The nucleus of the pollen grain travels down the pollen tube and fertilizes the nucleus in the ovule
(A) Fertilized ovule develops into the seed
(B) Pollen lands on the stigma and grows a pollen tube down through the style to the ovary
(C) The ovary develops into fruit
(D) The nucleus of the pollen grain travels down the pollen tube and fertilizes the nucleus in the ovule
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To order this biological process easily:
Pollination (B) $\rightarrow$ Fertilization (D) $\rightarrow$ Seed Development (A) $\rightarrow$ Fruit Ripening (C).
Pollination (B) $\rightarrow$ Fertilization (D) $\rightarrow$ Seed Development (A) $\rightarrow$ Fruit Ripening (C).
Updated On: Jul 23, 2026
- (D), (B), (A), (C).
- (A), (B), (D), (C).
- (B), (A), (D), (C).
- (B), (D), (A), (C).
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Sexual reproduction in angiosperms involves pollination, pollen tube growth, double fertilization, and the subsequent development of the ovary and ovules into fruits and seeds.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us arrange the physiological steps in their correct chronological sequence:
-
Step 1: (B) Pollen lands on the stigma and grows a pollen tube:
First, pollination occurs.
The pollen grain germinates on the receptive stigma surface and extends a pollen tube downward through the style tissue toward the ovary.
- (D) The pollen nucleus travels down the tube and fertilizes the ovule:
The male gametes (pollen nuclei) travel down the growing pollen tube.
Upon reaching the micropyle of the ovule, fertilization occurs (one sperm fertilizes the egg cell, and the other fertilizes the polar nuclei).
-
Step 2: (A) Fertilized ovule develops into the seed:
Following successful fertilization, the zygote and endosperm develop, and the integuments of the ovule harden to form the seed coat, turning the ovule into a seed.
-
Step 3: (C) The ovary develops into fruit:
The surrounding ovary wall (pericarp) expands, accumulates nutrients or dries out, and ripens to form the protective fruit structure enclosing the seeds.
Therefore, the correct chronological sequence of development is: (B) $\rightarrow$ (D) $\rightarrow$ (A) $\rightarrow$ (C).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct chronological sequence of development is (B), (D), (A), (C).
Sexual reproduction in angiosperms involves pollination, pollen tube growth, double fertilization, and the subsequent development of the ovary and ovules into fruits and seeds.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us arrange the physiological steps in their correct chronological sequence:
-
Step 1: (B) Pollen lands on the stigma and grows a pollen tube:
First, pollination occurs.
The pollen grain germinates on the receptive stigma surface and extends a pollen tube downward through the style tissue toward the ovary.
- (D) The pollen nucleus travels down the tube and fertilizes the ovule:
The male gametes (pollen nuclei) travel down the growing pollen tube.
Upon reaching the micropyle of the ovule, fertilization occurs (one sperm fertilizes the egg cell, and the other fertilizes the polar nuclei).
-
Step 2: (A) Fertilized ovule develops into the seed:
Following successful fertilization, the zygote and endosperm develop, and the integuments of the ovule harden to form the seed coat, turning the ovule into a seed.
-
Step 3: (C) The ovary develops into fruit:
The surrounding ovary wall (pericarp) expands, accumulates nutrients or dries out, and ripens to form the protective fruit structure enclosing the seeds.
Therefore, the correct chronological sequence of development is: (B) $\rightarrow$ (D) $\rightarrow$ (A) $\rightarrow$ (C).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct chronological sequence of development is (B), (D), (A), (C).
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