Question

Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
Personality is derived from a Latin word 'persona' Personality Functions of a person is an introvert or extrovert, she/he has a preferred pattern to deal with the situations. Introverts are people interested in their own mental self, opt to live in their own world of feelings and thoughts whereas Extroverts are broad minded, highly socialized, bold and outgoing. According to the theory of personality by Carl Gustov Jung , the two attitudes of extraversion and introversion cannot be demonstrated in isolation. These need to be associated with one of the four functions (Sensing, Intuitive, Thinking, and Feeling). This theory was not designed to label a type of people; instead the purpose was to demonstrate the complexity of human typology. The four functions are divided into what Jung called rational (or judging) and irrational (or perceiving) functions. According to Jung ,Thinking and Sensing are rational while Intuition and Feelings are irrational. While explaining personality through the term introvert and extrovert, there is reference of third term also called ambivert which is relatively a new term. Jung did not use the word to explain that there is no such thing as a pure introvert or extrovert. Ambiverts reflect a blend of traits from the introvert as well as the extrovert along with having some specific strengths. Another important trait approach which can provide essential insights into the key elements of personality is offered by Paul Costa and Robert Mccrae. They have given emphasis of the five domains or traits, which are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. These traits are also represented by acronym ocean.

Out of the following, who is/are associated with the development of the Big Five Model of personality?

• A. Sigmend Freud
• B. Carl Rogers
• C. Gardon Allport
• D. Paul Costa and Robert Macrae

Hint:

OCEAN was given by Costa and McCrae.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
We must find who developed the Big Five Model, also called the OCEAN model of personality.

Step 2: Read the passage:
The passage says that Paul Costa and Robert McCrae gave emphasis to five domains: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism, shown by the acronym OCEAN.

Step 3: Check option 1:
Sigmund Freud is known for psychoanalytic theory with Id, Ego and Super Ego. He did not build the Big Five. So option 1 is wrong.

Step 4: Check option 2:
Carl Rogers is known for the self theory and humanistic approach. So option 2 is wrong.

Step 5: Check option 3:
Gordon Allport is known for the trait approach with cardinal, central and secondary traits. That is a different trait theory. So option 3 is wrong.

Step 6: Check option 4:
Costa and McCrae developed the Big Five Factor Model. So option 4 is right.

Final Answer:
The Big Five Model is linked with Paul Costa and Robert McCrae. The answer is option 4.