Question

प्रयोग के आधार पर एवं अर्थ की दृष्टि से सर्वनाम (Pronoun) के कितने भेद होते हैं?

• A. छह
• B. पाँच
• C. सात
• D. आठ

Hint:

Always remember: pronoun "types" are categories, not individual pronoun words. Many students confuse the number of pronouns with classification groups.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: In Hindi grammar, a सर्वनाम (Pronoun) is a word that replaces a noun to avoid repetition and make sentences more concise and meaningful. When classified on the basis of usage ( प्रयोग) and meaning ( अर्थ), pronouns are grouped into specific functional categories depending on how and where they are used in communication. The classification is not arbitrary but follows semantic roles such as reference to speaker, listener, unknown object, questioning entity, or relational dependency.

Step 1: Identifying functional categories Hindi grammar recognizes the following six major types of pronouns:

• पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम (Personal Pronoun): These pronouns refer to the speaker, listener, or a third person. For example: मैं, तुम, वह, हम. They are used to indicate person-based identity in communication.

• निश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम (Demonstrative Pronoun): These are used to point out specific persons or objects clearly. Example: यह, वह. They help in indicating proximity or definiteness.

• अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम (Indefinite Pronoun): These refer to objects or persons in an indefinite or unknown manner. Example: कोई, कुछ. They do not specify exact identity.

• संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम (Relative Pronoun): These establish a relationship between two clauses or ideas. Example: जो, सो. They connect dependent and independent clauses.

• प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम (Interrogative Pronoun): These are used to ask questions about persons or things. Example: कौन, क्या. They introduce interrogative sentences.

• निजवाचक सर्वनाम (Reflexive Pronoun): These refer back to the subject itself and emphasize self-action. Example: स्वयं, खुद, आप.

Step 2: Analytical reasoning of classification The classification is based on functional and semantic behavior, not on the total number of pronoun words. Each category represents a distinct grammatical usage pattern in sentence formation. When all six functional categories are counted, the total number of pronoun types becomes: \[ \text{Total types} = 6 \]

Step 3: Final conclusion Since exactly six functional categories exist in standard Hindi grammar under usage and meaning-based classification, the correct answer is Option (A).